Concerns About Portuguese, Russian and Arabic Translation to English and A Topic of Interest
Although the literal meaning of translation is to carry over, to transfer from one to another, or in other words to shift the medium, it is usually used to express rendering of one language into another. What is considered to be a good translation in the terms of literature and the mutual influence between literatures in the course of history exhibit significant characteristics. Undoubtedly, there were occasions when translations were produced for utilitarian purposes and not for the sake of art. It can be assumed that the original purpose of translation was to convey ideas and new facts to people who were badly informed and concerned themselves with the message rather than with the artistic value of the text.
But such translations are of low artistic value. The translator must go beyond transference of the exact meaning of the words the original document consists of. Instead, he must seek the spirit of the text and overall intended meaning so that the final translation is as much a work of art as the original source document. For example, if Martin Luther has dwelled on conveying the literal meaning of the words in his Russian Translation of the Bible, he would probably not manage to express the overall meaning and the spirit of the text.Another, more detailed example is that of translations from Russian to English. The Russian system of nomenclature differs from the one other countries do and it can be traced in any English to Arabic Translation. For example, in English translations of the novel, “Anna Karenina,” the Russian habit of addressing people by their first name and a patronymic is usually carried over into the English. Therefore, if the character is named Vladimir, the son of Peter, he will be addressed Vladimir Petrovich. While normal to Russians it sounds odd and somewhat confusing to Anglophones. Therefore, the new trend in Portuguese Translation is to forego the patronymic, as it does not add anything to the art of the text.
How difficult it is to translate a text depends immensly on the corresponding medium.. It is more difficult and arbitrary to translate poetry compared to translating a scientific and factual text. Given that the translator is familiar with the scientific field, of course. We can assume that a legal translation is much easier than a literary one. Certainly, a legal translation requires that the translator be trained and experienced in the field of law. Knowlege of legal terminology and of legal system differences is a must. However, a translator of a legal text is not required to seek that language finesse as a literary translator does. When translating a legal text it is more important to find the exact correspondence of the terms rather than to achieve artistic value for the reading enjoyment of the audience. A good legal translator can, of course, be a good fiction translator, too, and vice versa; however, each kind of translation requires a very specific set of skills.
We can find numerous translations of the Bible from Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek. The Christians in the Middle Ages used mainly the Latin Vulgate. A lot of translations into other languages have been created since then. If we refer back in history we can trace translations of the Bible in English over than a thousand a years ago.
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